ISSN: 2148-8274 / E-ISSN: 2587-0084
, Türk Üreme Tıbbı ve Cerrahisi
Dergisi

Turkish Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery

Dernek Sitesi
Kayıtlı İndexler
DERLEMELER
Preterm Eylem
Preterm Labor
Received Date : 14 Dec 2021
Accepted Date : 26 Apr 2022
Available Online : 14 Dec 2022
Özet PDF Benzer Makaleler
Ezgi BİLİCENa, Erkan ÇAĞLIYANa, Aslı AKDÖNERa, Onur YAVUZa
aDokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları ABD, İzmir, Türkiye
Doi: 10.24074/tjrms.2021-87538 - Makale Dili: TR
TJRMS. 2022;6(2):173-8
ÖZET
Preterm eylem gebeliğin 37. Haftasında önce başlayan doğum eylemini tanımlamaktadır. Doğumun gerçekleştiği haftaya göre erken ve geç preterm eylem olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Preterm doğum fetal morbidite, mortaliteye sebep olan, antenatal dönemde hastaneye yatış gerektiren en sık durumdur. Preterm doğum etiyolojisinde sırası ile spontan preterm doğum, preterm erken membran rüptürü, çoğul gebelikler, preeklampsi/eklampsi, antepartum kanama, fetal büyüme geriliği yer almaktadır. Preterm doğum etiyolojisinde yer alan önemli durumlardan birisi olan servikal yetmezlik tanısında ağrısız servikal dilatasyon mevcut iken preterm eylemde uterin kontraksiyonların varlığı dikkat çekicidir. Preterm eylemin önlenmesinde progesteron etkili bir ajan olarak görülmektedir. Hasta bazlı karar verilerek; vaginal veya intramusküler olarak progesteron desteği uygulanabilir. Preterm eylem tedavisindeki en önemli amaç; fetusa en az 48 saat daha zaman kazandırarak prematuritenin oluşturacağı riskleri azaltmaktır. Tedavide kullanılabilecek tokolitik ilaç seçenekleri; siklooksijenaz inhibitörleri, beta-agonistler, kalsiyum kanal blokerleri, magnezyum sülfat, oksitosin reseptör antagonistleridir. Tedaviler bireyselleştirilmeli ilaçların etki ve yan etki değerlendirilmeleri dikkatle yapılmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Preterm eylem; tokoliz; önleme ve kontrol; servikal uzunluk ölçümü
ABSTRACT
Preterm labor defines the labor that starts before the 37th week of pregnancy. It is classified as early and late preterm labor.. Preterm birth is the most common condition that causes fetal morbidity and mortality and requires hospitalization in the antenatal period. In the etiology of preterm birth, there are spontaneous preterm birth, preterm premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancies, preeclampsia/eclampsia, antepartum hemorrhage, fetal growth retardation, respectively. The presence of uterine contractions is remarkable. Progesterone is seen as an effective agent in the prevention of preterm labor The most important goal in the treatment of preterm labor; It is to reduce the risks of prematurity by giving the fetus at least 48 hours more time. Tocolytic drug can be used in treatment; cyclooxygenase inhibitors, betaagonists, calcium channel blockers, magnesium sulfate, oxytocin receptor antagonists. Treatments should be individualized and the effects and side effects of drugs should be evaluated carefully.
Keywords: Preterm labor; tocolysis; prevention and control; cervical length measurement
REFERANSLAR
  1. Care in normal birth: a practical guide. Technical Working Group, World Health Organization. Birth. 1997;24:121. [PubMed] 
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Infant Mortality. [Link] 
  3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. Practice Bulletin No. 171: Management of Preterm Labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128:e155. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK. Births: Final Data for 2019. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2021;70:1. [Crossref] 
  5. Kelly R, Holzman C, Senagore P, et al. Placental vascular pathology findings and pathways to preterm delivery. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170:148. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. Lobel M, Dunkel-Schetter C, Scrimshaw SC. Prenatal maternal stress and prematurity: a prospective study of socioeconomically disadvantaged women. Health Psychol. 1992;11:32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. McLean M, Smith R. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and human parturition. Reproduction. 2001;121:493. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Gravett MG, Novy MJ, Rosenfeld RG, et al. Diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection by proteomic profiling and identification of novel biomarkers. JAMA .2004;292:462. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Sheiner E, Mazor-Drey E, Levy A. Asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22:423. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Smaill F. Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;CD000490. [Crossref]  [PMC] 
  11. Buhimschi CS, Schatz F, Krikun G, et al. Novel insights into molecular mechanisms of abruption-induced preterm birth. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2010;12:e35. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Ou CW, Orsino A, Lye SJ. Expression of connexin-43 and connexin-26 in the rat myometrium during pregnancy and labor is differentially regulated by mechanical and hormonal signals. Endocrinology. 1997; 138:5398. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Word RA, Stull JT, Casey ML, Kamm KE. Contractile elements and myosin light chain phosphorylation in myometrial tissue from nonpregnant and pregnant women. J Clin Invest. 1993;92:29. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No.142: Cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency. Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 123:372. Reaffirmed 2019. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm delivery. Lancet. 2008;371(9606):75-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Sotiriadis A, Papatheodorou S, Kavvadias A, Makrydimas G. Transvaginal cervical length measurement for prediction of preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labor: a meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010;35:54. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Iams JD. Prediction and early detection of preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:402. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Chao TT, Bloom SL, Mitchell JS, et al. The diagnosis and natural history of false preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;118:1301. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Petrini JR, Callaghan WM, Klebanoff M, et al. Estimated effect of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate on preterm birth in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:267. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. da Fonseca EB, Bittar RE, Carvalho MH, Zugaib M. Prophylactic administration of progesterone by vaginal suppository to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women at increased risk: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:419. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, et al. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:2379. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Norman JE, Bennett P. Preterm birth prevention-Time to PROGRESS beyond progesterone. PLoS Med. 2017;14:e1002391. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Manuck TA, Esplin MS, Biggio J, et al. Predictors of response to 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:376.e1. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. Prediction and Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 234. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138:e65. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Statement: Response to EPPPIC and considerations for the use of progestogens for the prevention of preterm birth 3.30.21. (Accessed on April 01, 2021) [Link] 
  26. Senat MV, Porcher R, Winer N, et al. Prevention of preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in asymptomatic twin pregnancies with a short cervix: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:194.e1. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Simhan HN, Caritis SN. Prevention of preterm delivery. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:477. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. How HY, Khoury JC, Sibai BM. Cervical dilatation on presentation for preterm labor and subsequent preterm birth. Am J Perinatol 2009; 26:1. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Raju TN, Mercer BM, Burchfield DJ, Joseph GF Jr. Periviable birth: executive summary of a joint workshop by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 210:406. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Ecker JL, Kaimal A, et al. #3: Periviable birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:604. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Haas DM, Caldwell DM, Kirkpatrick P, et al. Tocolytic therapy for preterm delivery: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ 2012; 345:e6226. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  32. Vogel JP, Nardin JM, Dowswell T, et al. Combination of tocolytic agents for inhibiting preterm labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD006169. [Crossref] 
  33. Gross G, Imamura T, Vogt SK, et al. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 prevents inflammation-mediated preterm labor in the mouse. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000;278:R1415. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Hanley M, Sayres L, Reiff ES, Wood A, Grotegut CA, Kuller JA. Tocolysis: A Review of the Literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2019;74(1):50-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Vermillion ST, Scardo JA, Lashus AG, et al. The effect of indomethacin tocolysis on fetal ductus arteriosus constriction with advancing gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;177:256-9. discussion 259-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Savage AH, Anderson BL, Simhan HN. The safety of prolonged indomethacin therapy. Am J Perinatol. 2007;24:207-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  37. Flenady V, Wojcieszek AM, Papatsonis DN, et al. Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour and birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD002255. [Crossref]  [PMC] 
  38. Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Kusanovic JP. Nifedipine in the management of preterm labor: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204:134.e1. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  39. Jannet D, Abankwa A, Guyard B, Carbonne B, Marpeau L, Milliez J. Nicardipine versus salbutamol in the treatment of premature labor. A prospective randomized study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997;73(1):11-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  40. Serena C, Begot E, Cros J, Hodler C, Fedou AL, Nathan-Denizot N, Clavel M. Nicardipine-induced acute pulmonary edema: a rare but severe complication of tocolysis. Case reports in critical care. 2014;242703. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  41. Caritis SN, Chiao JP, Moore JJ, Ward SM. Myometrial desensitization after ritodrine infusion. Am J Physiol. 1987;253:E410. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  42. Goodwin TM, Valenzuela G, Silver H, et al. Treatment of preterm labor with the oxytocin antagonist atosiban. Am J Perinatol. 1996;13:143. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  43. Flenady V, Reinebrant HE, Liley HG, et al. Oxytocin receptor antagonists for inhibiting preterm labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD004452. [Crossref]  [PMC] 
  44. van Vliet EO, Nijman TA, Schuit E, et al. Nifedipine versus atosiban for threatened preterm birth (APOSTEL III): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;387:2117. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  45. Worldwide Atosiban versus Beta-agonists Study Group. Effectiveness and safety of the oxytocin antagonist atosiban versus beta-adrenergic agonists in the treatment of preterm labour. The Worldwide Atosiban versus Beta-agonists Study Group. BJOG. 2001;108:133. [Crossref] 
  46. Cunze T, Rath W, Osmers R, et al. Magnesium and calcium concentration in the pregnant and non-pregnant myometrium. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1995;48:9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  47. Rundell K, Panchal B. Preterm Labor: Prevention and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(6):366-72.
Copyright © 2024
Bu sitenin tüm hakları Üreme Tıbbı ve Cerrahisi Derneği'ne aittir.
Site Tasarım ve Yönetim: Türkiye Klinikleri